Kings and queens in ancient Greece and Rome believed the owner of a sapphire would be protected from harm and envy. It has been closely associated with royalty.The sapphire has symbolized truth, sincerity, and nobility for thousands of years.The name “sapphire” came from the Greek word sappheiros, referring to a blue stone.Sapphire Meanings, Symbolism, and Folklore A purple color is a combination of all three trace elements. Iron and titanium are responsible for a sapphire’s blue color, and the more iron present, the darker the blue color of a sapphire. Yellow and orange sapphires get their color from the presence of iron and chromium, while pink sapphires are a result of high amounts of chromium. Part of the same corundum family as the ruby, stones in violet, green, yellow, orange, pink, and purple are known as “fancy sapphires.” Some exhibit color changes, depending on the lighting.Ĭorundum is naturally colorless, but trace amounts of elements like iron, titanium, and chromium lead to the range of colors. Outside of red corundum (rubies), all other corundum gems are considered sapphires.
Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires-9 on the Mohs scale (the second hardest mineral, right behind diamond)-and of aluminium oxide in general, sapphires are used in some non-ornamental applications, including infrared optical components, such as in scientific instruments high-durability windows wristwatch crystals and movement bearings and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of very special-purpose solid-state electronics (most of which are integrated circuits).The sapphire is best known for its striking pure-blue color, but it can range from greenish-blue to violet-blue. They also may be manufactured for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Sapphires may be found naturally, by searching through certain sediments (due to their resistance to being eroded compared to softer stones) or rock formations.
Chromium impurities in corundum yield a pink or red tint, the latter being called a ruby.Ĭommonly, sapphires are worn in jewellery. Trace amounts of other elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium can give corundum blue, yellow, purple, orange, or a greenish color. Sapphire is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3).
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